Archive for northe
Warm front advances north today
Posted by: | Comments8:32 AM
A warm front is slowly moving north and northeast this morning with periods of moderate to heavy showers. These 
showers will continue to move through the forecast area through this afternoon with a few embedded thunderstorms as well. As the warm front lifts north, humidity will increase significantly from the lower 60′s into the lower 70′s in a short period of time this evening.
The warm front will move north of the forecast area by tomorrow morning, with a hot and humid air mass establishing itself over the region. A series of disturbances will approach from the west on Monday and Tuesday afternoon, which will keep the threat of showers and thunderstorms in the forecast. However, the main issue for the start of next week is the very hot temperatures expected in the afternoons. 850 MB temperatures will rise into the range of 18° to 21°C on Monday and Tuesday, which will force highs in the lower to mid 90′s. Combined with dew points in the lower 70′s, temperatures will feel like they are well over 100. This is called the heat index, which on Monday and Tuesday is expected to range 110 to 126 degrees.
As for the thunderstorms on both afternoons, a disturbance will be needed to break the “cap” on the atmosphere. The “cap” is caused by the environmental set up where temperatures are warm throughout the lower and mid levels, which limits the degree of a lapse rate from the surface to the mid levels. This obviously prevents air parcels from rising. However, with the approach of disturbances and increasing wind shear, thunderstorms will have the potential to develop and intensify. Although I expect the thunderstorms to be isolated, the ones that do develop will be capable of strong wind gusts, frequent lightning, and heavy downpours.
A cold front will finally push through the forecast area on Wednesday with showers and strong to severe thunderstorms. The pattern will begin to change once again as the persistent trough that has been over the Northeast for much of this summer will try to retake lost territory, namely the forecast area. However, this time the trough will not build as far as south as previous weeks. As a result, the trough that builds into the forecast area will be weak. Weak disturbances along a stalling cold front will continues to move through the forecast area Wednesday through Saturday with showers and thunderstorms.
Temperatures will fall back to near normal levels afternoon Tuesday with highs generally in the lower to mid 80′s along with high humidity.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 69°F;
- Humidity: 94%;
- Heat Index: 69°F;
- Wind Chill: 69°F;
- Pressure: 30.11 in.;
Pattern change promises a return of real summer conditions
Posted by: | Comments7:15 Am
Summer-like conditions will return to the forecast area and will do so in a short period of time. That means that humid air and temperatures in the 80′s and possibly 90′s will return to the forecast area. When the hot summer conditions return, I’m willing to bet that the conditions will feel hotter and more humid just because many have been subjected to such a cool, wet weather pattern the past several weeks. However, before we get to the warm conditions, we’ll have to deal with the low pressure that is stalled to the east of the region.
The low pressure system over the western Atlantic is still rather strong and has a large range of influence, which extends into the forecast area. Locations further west like over eastern Pennsylvania will be under less of an influence from this low pressure system will only have to contend with partly cloudy skies and an isolated shower. However, closer to the coast, especially over Connecticut, eastern Long Island, and the immediate New Jersey coast; the low pressure system will have a stronger influence over the region. The cyclonic rotation will bring disturbances and moisture from the Atlantic into the coast, which will produce scattered showers and isolated thunderstorms, especially in the afternoon. The low pressure system will continue to influence the region over the next three days, but to less of a degree each day. The north to northwesterly wind over the next several days, will produce a down sloping wind component, which will allow temperatures to warm into the 80′s.
Note the red colors over the Mississippi Valley. This is an indication of a developing ridge that will eventually build into the Ohio Valley by Wednesday afternoon. This ridge will continue to build towards the Mid Atlantic through the end of the week, which will bring much warmer conditions to the forecast area. The ridge axis will be west of the forecast area, over the Great Lakes, which means a northwesterly upper level flow will allow cold fronts to still clip the forecast area with a risk of showers and thunderstorms. The first of these cold fronts will move through on Friday afternoon and once again on Sunday afternoon.
So has the wet pattern completely left the forecast area? Well, not exactly. What has happened is that the pattern will not be as amplified, which means the trough over eastern Canada will lift northward. As a result, a pattern that resembles and produces warmer summer conditions will develop.
Boat and beach report for Monday, June 22 2009
Posted by: | Comments6:40 AM
An area of low pressure over the Atlantic Ocean remains stalled and will continue to influence conditions over the coastal waters 
today. Partly cloudy skies can be expected with a risk of widely scattered showers, especially in the late afternoon hours. The showers and thunderstorms will be capable of brief heavy downpours and strong wind gusts. However, most thunderstorms will remain below severe levels. Tonight, partly cloudy conditions will continue with a few isolated lingering showers. On Tuesday and Wednesday, weak disturbances will continue to rotate around the low pressure system over the Atlantic, bringing a risk of scattered showers each afternoon. Otherwise, partly cloudy skies can be expected through the period.
Winds will be from the north around 10 to 20 mph through tonight. Locations east of Long Island will have sustained winds from the north around 20 to 40 mph with higher gusts, prompting a gale warning. On Tuesday, winds will remain from the north, but will decrease to 5 to 15 mph. On Tuesday night and Wednesday, winds will back slightly to the northwest around 5 to 15 mph.
Temperatures will rise into the lower to mid 70′s for highs this afternoon. On Tuesday, temperatures will fall into the upper 50′s to lower 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the lower to mid 70′s for afternoon highs. On Wednesday, temperatures will fall into the lower 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the upper 70′s for afternoon highs.
Water temperatures will range from the mid 60’s to lower 70’s over the New Jersey coastal waters down through the Delaware Bay. Much cooler waters are expected east of Long Island with water temperatures in the upper 50’s to mid 60’s.
Wave heights will range from 3 to 6 feet through this evening. Waves will subside overnight to 2 to 4 feet and remain in that range through the rest of the forecast period.
A small craft advisory is in effect through this evening. A coastal flood watch is also in effect through tonight for the New Jersey coast.
What has caused the heavy rainfall this month?
Posted by: | Comments9:52 AM
June has seen some very impressive rainfall amounts with many locations well over an inch above normal. Even some locations double the amount of normal rainfall. While a continuous onslaught of showers and thunderstorms have impacted much of the Mid Atlantic, and specifically the New York City and Philadelphia metropolitan areas, other locations have been impacted with an above normal outbreaks of severe weather, especially tornado outbreaks from the southern Plains through the Mississippi Valley and Ohio Valley.
Before going into the why, I want to show the rainfall anomalies throughout the region.
Connecticut:
Bridgeport, CT: +2.19″ Danbury, CT: +1.76″ Norwich, CT: +1.05″
New York:
Islip, NY: +2.24″ New York City, NY: +4.06″ JFK, NY: +3.27″ LGA, NY: +3.02″
White Plains, NY: +1.05″
New Jersey:
Atlantic City, NJ: +3.77″ Cape May, NJ: +1.90″ Freehold, NJ: +0.67″ Hightstown, NJ: +1.31″
Millville, NJ: +1.74″ New Brunswick, NJ: +1.31″ Sussex, NJ: +2.69″ Newark, NJ: +2.69″
Pennsylvania:
Allentown,PA: +2.23″ Philadelphia, PA: +1.28″ Lehighton, PA: +2.52″
First, I want to address some of the differences seen in the magnitude of the above normal anomalies. Some locations area barely a half an inch above normal while other locations are 3 to 4 inches above normal. There is no trend in the precipitation anomalies that would support a synoptic or large scale pattern explanation, so I examined the radar trends over the past month and noted that the majority of the rainfall amounts were produced by convective precipitation events. In other words, the extreme precipitation anomalies that did develop were supported by thunderstorms that happened to intensify over those locations. The overall theme for the most part is that most locations ranged 1.5″ to 2.5″ above normal for June, and there is still 9 days left in the month with plenty of rainfall potential.
So what is causing all of this rainfall?
To answer this question, I looked at two key factors that can drive a weather pattern, the stratospheric temperature anomalies and the Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies.
El Nino:
This summer, a weak El Nino has developed over the Pacific Ocean. El Nino is when air pressure pattern in the South Pacific orient 
themselves where pressure is higher over Darwin, Australia is higher than at Tahiti which leads to a decrease in strength of the trade winds. As a result, the water along South America is allowed to pile up, which inhibits up welling and allows the waters to warm. The warming of the Pacific waters produces an atmospheric environment where the jet stream over North America is further south and more energized than normal. The stronger the El Nino event, the further south and more energetic the jet stream.
As we can see with the map to the left, El Nino is well on the way of developing and is certainly in a weak state of El Nino. As a result, the jet stream over much of the United States is amplified and further south. The position of the jet stream will certainly support the reason why the weather pattern has been so active. A jet stream position further south would certainly support an environment where severe weather potential would be high. Disturbances are able to have more interaction with the moist, warm Gulf of Mexico air mass, which can lead to wide spread severe weather out breaks. However, the El Nino event alone would not explain why cold fronts have stalled over the forecast area, which has produced the heavy rainfall.
Stratospheric Temperature Anomalies and the Negative NAO:
The key to understanding the cause of the wet pattern over the Mid Atlantic is to look at the interaction between the developing El Nino 
and the position of stratospheric temperature anomalies. The stratospheric temperature anomalies have produced an environment the past twenty days that has produced a negative NAO and negative AO pattern. The negative NAO pattern is key here as the higher pressures at 500 MB over northeast Canada and Greenland produces a blocking environment over North America. As a result, instead of troughs simply lifting through the Northeast, the upper troughs and upper lows tend to stall over the Eastern Great Lakes. As the upper lows and troughs begin to stall over the Great Lakes, the cold fronts drive towards the East coast, but lose support by the time they reach the forecast area.
Meanwhile the combination of the strong jet stream over the Mississippi Valley and the stalled trough over the Great Lakes has enhanced a ridge over the southern Mississippi Valley and Gulf Coast. This ridge over the Gulf of Mexico adds the ingredients of deep mid level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and prevents cold front from moving much further south than the southern Mid Atlantic in most cases.
Overview:
The combination of the developing El Nino and the negative NAO patterns have lead to heavy rainfall that has been recorded over the forecast area. The El Nino produced an energized jet stream that is much further south than normal, which leads to strong disturbances to move through the Mississippi Valley and then the Great Lakes. The negative NAO pattern, which is supported by stratospheric temperature anomalies, has produced high latitude blocking. The high latitude blocking has kept a trough over the Great Lakes in place rather than lift out, which means that disturbances around the trough continue to rotate through the Mid Atlantic and Northeast. Meanwhile, the interaction between the El Nino enhanced jet stream and negative NAO pattern has produced a strong ridge along the Gulf Coast.
The ridge along the Gulf Coast is forcing moisture through the Ohio Valley and into the Mid Atlantic. The cold fronts, with weakening upper level support, stall up against the ridge. The moisture, as a result, is lifted along the cold fronts and thus the constant threat for showers and thunderstorms for days and weeks on end.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 66°F;
- Humidity: 93%;
- Heat Index: 66°F;
- Wind Chill: 66°F;
- Pressure: 29.65 in.;
Boat and beach report for Sunday, June 21 2009
Posted by: | Comments9:23 AM
Low pressure east of Long Island and south of New England has stalled and will impact the forecast area over the next several days. 
Variable cloud cover can be expect today through Tuesday. Scattered showers will be rotating through the coastal waters through this afternoon as the low pressure system slowly drifts east. Showers will become widely scattered tonight and tomorrow as the low pressure system loses influence. Variable clouds and isolated showers can be expected on Tuesday.
Winds will be from the north and northwest around 10 to 20 mph today through this evening. Tonight through Monday, winds will remain from the north and northwest around 15 to 30 mph. Winds will decrease from the north on Monday night through Tuesday around 5 to 15 mph.
Temperatures will rise into the mid 60′s to lower 70′s for afternoon highs. On Monday, temperatures will fall into the upper 50′s to lower 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the upper 60′s to lower 70′s for afternoon highs. On Tuesday, temperatures will fall into the upper 50′s to lower 60′s for lows and rebound into the lower to mid 70′s for afternoon highs.
Water temperatures will range from the mid 60′s to lower 70′s over the New Jersey coastal waters down through the Delaware Bay. Much cooler waters are expected east of Long Island with water temperatures in the upper 50′s to mid 60′s.
Wave heights will range from 2 to 4 feet through the period. A small craft advisory is in effect through early Tuesday morning for much of the coastal waters due to the low pressure system off the coast.
Minor coastal flooding may be an issue for the northern shores of Long Island and the south facing bays throughout the forecast area due to the persistent northerly winds over the next several days.
Heavy rain and severe weather a significant threat
Posted by: | Comments7:30 AM
The forecast for today through tonight is best described as significantly complicated and potentially very active. The main theme is basically the progression of the warm front currently over southwesterly Pennsylvania through eastern Virginia. I want to start with the fact that the surface low pressure system is further north and weaker than forecasted on any model guidance to this point. The cold front is actually well to the west and will eventually become nothing more than a boundary between the very moist air that will move into the forecast area and the drier air that will eventually build in. However, before I get to all of that, let’s discuss the events for this morning.
The majority of the showers and thunderstorms over western and central Pennsylvania have been weakening this morning due to the weakening of the low level jet stream at 850 MB. The upper level winds this morning are also from the northwest throughout the Mid Atlantic, which is forcing much of the precipitation south and southeast thus slowing the progression of the heavy precipitation eastward this morning. However, eventually the low pressure over the Great Lakes will move north and east into the eastern Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Valley this afternoon, which will drive the warm front through the forecast area this afternoon. As the warm front moves north and east, showers and thunderstorms will redevelop throughout the region. The showers and thunderstorms ahead of the warm front will be able to produce very heavy downpours.
Note the surface map above. Dry, cool air is in place over much of the New York City metro down through the northern suburbs of Philadelphia. This dry, cool air will be slow to leave the forecast area, which will increase the development of isentropic lifting this afternoon. In other words, the cool air over the forecast area ahead of the warm front will force thunderstorms to become elevated, which will lead to very heavy downpour over the forecast area this afternoon. However, south of the warm front, a very different environment will develop.
South of the warm front, a very warm and unstable air mass is in place. The map to the left shows that atmosphere is very unstable south of the warm front and wind shear increases dramatically. I don’t believe the warm front will clear all of the forecast area, in fact much of northern New Jersey and the New York City metro will remain north of this warm front. However, all of central and southern New Jersey including all of southeastern Pennsylvania will be under the threat of strong to severe thunderstorms as the warm front moves north.
So here is what to expect through today. Clouds will continue to increase through this morning ahead of the warm front. By around 11 AM, steady rain will enter the forecast area from eastern Pennsylvania and will push eastward through the afternoon hours. The showers and thunderstorms will eventually have a significant impact on the Mets and Phillies baseball games this afternoon and evening. As the warm front pushes north and east, a brief break in the rainfall can be expected. Scattered showers and strong to severe 
thunderstorms will develop later this afternoon behind the warm front. These thunderstorms will be capable of wind gusts exceeding 55 mph, large hail, very heavy downpours, and even an isolated tornado. The combination of the heavy downpours over the forecast area that has already seen rainfall amounts two to three times what is normal will lead to the potential for flash flooding throughout the forecast area. The low pressure system will move through New Jersey later this evening and slowly exit overnight. As the low pressure system exits, lingering showers will remain over the forecast area especially along the coast.
By tomorrow, slow clearing can be expected with overcast conditions and scattered showers throughout the forecast area. Clouds will break up by the mid to late afternoon hours with much drier conditions by the evening hours.
A significant change in the pattern will finally unfold for next week. The upper trough will reposition itself off the coast, which will produce a northwesterly to northerly flow over the forecast area. The position of the trough will mean that most disturbances will remain east of the forecast area, which will mean much drier conditions for the region. High pressure over the Ohio Valley will bring clear to partly cloudy skies and much warmer, more seasonable conditions for the forecast area. In fact, locations over the Delaware River Valley may even reach 90 degrees for afternoon highs by mid week. Locations along the immediate coast will have to contend with influence from the Atlantic, which may lead to overcast skies in the morning and cooler temperatures than surrounding areas inland. A new disturbance will approach from the west on Friday as the trough retrogrades back towards the Great Lakes with scattered showers and thunderstorms.
So overall, a very active period of weather over the next 36 hours will be followed by more summer like conditions through much of next week. Expect updates via twitter through the day!
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 62°F;
- Humidity: 82%;
- Heat Index: 62°F;
- Wind Chill: 62°F;
- Pressure: 29.74 in.;
Boat and beach report for Saturday, June 20 2009
Posted by: | Comments6:38 AM
Clouds will continue to increase through the morning hours as a low pressure system and warm front approaches the coast. Showers and thunderstorms will move through the coastal water late this morning through early in the evening. The showers and thunderstorms will move quickly, however will be capable of very heavy downpours. A few of the thunderstorms over central and southern New Jersey down through the Delaware Bay have the potential to become severe with frequent lightning, large hail over 0.5″ in diameter, wind gusts exceeding 50 mph, and an isolated tornado. Tonight through Sunday morning, the low pressure system will slowly exit the region with lingering showers and partly cloudy skies. Scattered showers will linger over the forecast area through Sunday, especially over the coastal waters. High pressure will build into the Mid Atlantic on Monday with clear and dry conditions.
Winds this morning will be light and variable, however by the afternoon winds will be from the south around 5 to 15 mph increasing to 10 to 20 mph this evening. Tonight, winds will veer from the south to west around 15 to 30 mph with higher gusts in stronger thunderstorms. By Sunday morning, winds will veer to the west and northwest around 15 to 30 mph and to the northwest by the afternoon hours. On Monday, winds will be from the north around 15 to 30 mph.
Temperatures this afternoon will rise into the lower to upper 70′s for afternoon highs ahead of the showers and thunderstorms. On Saturday, temperatures will fall into the lower to upper 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the upper 60′s to mid 70′s for afternoon highs. On Monday, temperatures will fall into the upper 50′s to lower 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the lower to mid 70′s for afternoon highs.
Water temperatures range from the mid 60’s to lower 70’s throughout the coastal waters with the exception of the coastal waters just east of Long Island where water temperatures range from the mid to upper 50’s.
Wave heights will range from 3 to 6 feet through the period with higher swells in and around strong to severe thunderstorms. A small craft advisory is in effect for the coastal waters through Sunday evening.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 59°F;
- Humidity: 87%;
- Heat Index: 59°F;
- Wind Chill: 59°F;
- Pressure: 29.75 in.;
A break in the wet weather today, but more rain on the way
Posted by: | Comments7:15 AM
As low pressure exits the forecast area this morning, a brief break in the clouds and rainfall can be expected through the day. In case 
anyone forgot, that big bright ball in the sky is called the sun, and no we are not in Seatlle. Weak high pressure over the eastern Great Lakes will continue to move north of the forecast area with a weak northwesterly to westerly wind along with clear to partly cloudy skies. The clear skies will also support significantly warmer temperatures as highs return to near normal levels once again, which is the mid 70′s to lower 80′s.
However, another low pressure system is developing over the Great Lakes and western Ohio Valley this morning. This low pressure system has the potential to produce a very rainy day for
Saturday, however I have some doubts on the idea of Saturday being a complete wash out. There is a large spread in the model guidance for Saturday. When looking at the water vapor this morning, notice the large complex of storms seen in blues, oranges, and reds. This complex of storms is called a MCS or a mesoscale convective system. Why is this important? Well, a MCS can tend to be unpredictable in upper level patterns that are in a state of change. MCS storms move in the direction of the upper level winds and in this case winds will be backing from the west to northwest. This is an important key. The idea on some model guidance is that the MCS will move towards the forecast area with widespread showers and thunderstorms that will produce heavy rain throughout the forecast area on Saturday morning through early Saturday evening. However, if the MCS slides just slightly further south, then the majority of the rainfall will miss much of the forecast area. So the key for the forecast tomorrow morning will be the position and track of the MCS tonight. I’m still expected scattered showers and thunderstorms through much of Saturday.
On Sunday, the strong low pressure system responsible for the showers and thunderstorms will exit the forecast area with a few lingering showers and thunderstorms on Sunday morning. The upper level trough associated with this surface low pressure system will move off the coast while a ridge builds over the Mississippi Valley and Gulf Coast. This transition in the pattern will finally bring more summer like conditions to the forecast area. The combination of the ridge to the west and the upper low/trough to the east will produce a north to northwesterly wind from the surface to 500 MB, which will bring dry, cool air into the forecast area. The position of the winds throughout the atmosphere will downslope off Appellation Mountains, which will produce much warmer conditions over the forecast area through next week. In fact, there is some potential for temperatures to hit 90 degrees over the Delaware River Valley by the end of the week for the first time in June. Through this period there will also be a threat for a sea breeze along the immediate coast, which would produce significantly cooler conditions along the immediate coast. There is also a potential for low clouds and fog developing for each morning along the immediate coast as well.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 66°F;
- Humidity: 93%;
- Heat Index: 66°F;
- Wind Chill: 66°F;
- Pressure: 29.79 in.;
Boat and beach report for Friday, June 19 2009
Posted by: | Comments6:37 AM
Clear to partly cloudy skies can be expected through the overnight hours as a low pressure system continues to exit the coast and weak high pressure builds in from the eastern Great Lakes. Another area of low pressure developing over the western Ohio Valley will move towards the Mid Atlantic on Saturday. There is some uncertainty on the development and position of the showers and thunderstorms, however there is a significant threat for wide spread showers and thunderstorms throughout the forecast area, especially on Saturday afternoon. Showers will linger on Sunday with clearing skies in the afternoon and evening.
Winds will be from the west around 5 to 15 mph through this evening. Tonight, winds will veer to the north and northeast around 5 to 15 mph. On Saturday, winds will continue to veer to the east and southeast around 5 to 15 mph. Winds will back to the northeast around 10 to 20 mph on Saturday night. On Sunday, winds will continue to back to the north around 10 to 20 mph.
Temperatures will rise into the mid to upper 70′s for afternoon highs. On Saturday, temperatures will fall into the lower to upper 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the lower 70′s to lower 80′s for afternoon highs. On Sunday, temperatures will fall into the lower to upper 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the upper 60′s to upper 70′s for afternoon highs.
Water temperatures range from the mid 60′s to lower 70′s throughout the coastal waters with the exception of the coastal waters just east of Long Island where water temperatures range from the mid to upper 50′s.
Wave heights will range from 2 to 4 feet through the forecast period.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 64°F;
- Humidity: 93%;
- Heat Index: 64°F;
- Wind Chill: 64°F;
- Pressure: 29.79 in.;
Boat and beach report through Thursday, June 18 2009
Posted by: | Comments7:00 AM
Periods of rain through the afternoon as a low pressure system passes to the north and west of the coastal waters. A few scattered 
showers and thunderstorms will linger in the evening followed by clearing skies towards morning. On Friday, partly cloudy skies can be expected in the morning followed by another area of low pressure with scattered showers and thunderstorms, especially in the afternoon. A third disturbance will produce scattered showers and thunderstorms through the day with otherwise overcast conditions.
Winds will be from the southeast around 10 to 20 mph with gusts up to 30 mph through this afternoon. Tonight, winds will veer to the south around 10 to 20 mph with gusts to 30 mph. By Friday morning, winds will veer quickly to the west around 5 to 15 mph. By the afternoon, winds will be from the west around 5 to 15 mph along the coast, however over the coastal waters winds will be from the south around 5 to 15 mph with gusts to 20 mph. Winds will be from the south and southwest around 5 to 15 mph with gusts up to 20 mph on Friday evening through much of Saturday. As a cold front approaches on Saturday evening, winds will veer to the west around 5 to 15 mph.
Temperatures will rise into the mid 60′s to lower 70′s for afternoon highs today. On Friday, temperatures will fall into the lower to mid 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the lower to mid 70′s for afternoon highs. On Saturday, temperatures will fall into the lower to mid 60′s for morning lows and rebound into the lower to upper 70′s for afternoon highs.
Water temperatures range from the mid 60’s to lower 70’s throughout the coastal waters with a notable exception to the east of Long Island where water temperatures remain in the mid to upper 50’s.
Wave heights will range from 4 to 8 feet through tonight. However, seas will subside to 2 to 4 feet by Friday morning and remain in that range through Saturday. A small craft advisory is in effect for all coastal waters.
-- Weather When Posted --
- Temperature: 62°F;
- Humidity: 93%;
- Heat Index: 62°F;
- Wind Chill: 62°F;
- Pressure: 30.03 in.;
Freehold
57°
Philadelphia
62°
Albany
59°
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